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26/09/11

Writing Strategies

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Pre-Writing Strategies:

Ø  Activating prior knowledge
Ø  Analyzing the required task
Ø  Brainstorming
Ø  Freewriting
Ø  Mulling over ideas
Ø  Engaging in ideas with teachers or peers
Ø  Generating a purpose
Ø  Considering a form
Ø  Identifying an audience and its traits
Ø  Consulting resources
Ø  Gathering information
Ø  Outlining
Ø  Webbing
Ø  Clustering
Ø  Using graphic organizers
Ø  Rehearsing

Drafting Strategies:

Ø  Writing thoughts as quickly as possible without concern for correctness until the final stages of the process
Ø  Ignoring spelling, usage, or other proofreading or revision problems until the final stages of the process
Ø  Watching the teacher monitor the process of the drafting via the chalkboard, a flipchart, or an overhead projector
Ø  Engaging in guided writing in which the teacher leads the students through a directed writing activity
Ø  Using pre-writing and other strategies when writer’s block occurs
Ø  Realizing that pauses are a natural part of the drafting process
Ø  Consulting the teacher when necessary
Ø  Using the computer to write the first draft
Revision Strategies:

Ø  Revising the piece using their own individual criteria
Ø  Revising the piece according to curricular requirements
Ø  Reading the piece silently aloud
Ø  Re-seeing the piece from another perspective (i.e. a different audience, point of view, genre/form)
Ø  Adding, deleting, changing words and phrases, sentences, ideas, and paragraphs
Ø  Drawing lines, crossing out, inserting carets and arrows
Ø  Cutting, pasting, stapling, using post-it notes
Ø  Using computer commands to help revise the piece
Ø  Engaging in peer and/or teacher conferences, after first revisiting the piece personally
Ø  Checking rubrics to determine if the piece meets established criteria
Ø  Utilizing ideas from mini-lessons
Ø  Engaging in metacognitive think-alouds, which illustrate thinking during the revision process
Ø  Anticipating and answering the readers’ questions
Proofreading Strategies:

Ø  Focusing on one or two personal areas of proofreading goals
Ø  Reading the paper silently and aloud
Ø  Using commercial, teacher-generated, or student-generated checklists
Ø  Ascertaining whether or not the relevant rubric includes specific required proofreading areas
Ø  Consulting with editing partners, peer editing groups, and/or the teacher
Ø  Ensuring that papers show command of the appropriate conventions of paragraph structure, sentence construction, grammar, usage, punctuation, capitalization, and spelling
Ø  Using the computer to make changes/corrections

Publishing:

Ø  Classmates/peers
Ø  Parents and other relatives
Ø  Other students and teachers
Ø  Displays in classrooms, libraries, hallways, offices
Ø  School and district publications
Ø  Local newspapers
Ø  Magazines
Ø  Other professional publications
Ø  Local and national contests
Ø  Elementary school students
Ø  Penpals
Ø  Government officials

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