This paper deals with the process of learning second language, which is English. In this paper will describe or explain about noun in
group or compound noun and in the other reference, it called by noun adjunct. Compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound noun in English are formed by noun modified by other nouns. There are several rules that we want to combine noun. They are noun with another noun (noun + noun), by adding “‘s” between two nouns, and by adding “of” between two nouns. By analyzing it, we can know how it can be made up.
group or compound noun and in the other reference, it called by noun adjunct. Compound noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound noun in English are formed by noun modified by other nouns. There are several rules that we want to combine noun. They are noun with another noun (noun + noun), by adding “‘s” between two nouns, and by adding “of” between two nouns. By analyzing it, we can know how it can be made up.
DISCUSSION
There are three main ways in which we can put noun together so that one modifies another, they are:
1. Noun + Noun
2. Noun +‘s + Noun
3. Noun + Preposition(of) + Noun
- Noun + Noun
In the noun + noun structure, the first noun modifies or describes the second, a little like an adjective and used to make ‘Classifying’ expression which name a particular kind of thing.
A horse race (a kind of race) A race horse (a kind of horse)
Mountain plants (a special group of plants) Mineral water (a sort of water)
We use the noun + noun structure especially to talk about thing that belong to common well-known classes. In the other cases we prefer a preposition structure such as the postman, the milkman, the policeman, he we reading a book about the moon (NOT a moon book), etc.
Noun + noun expressions can often be changed into structure where the second noun becomes a subject and the first is object.
· An oil well (= a well that produces oil)
· A Birmingham man (= a man who comes from Birmingham)
· The airport bus (= the bus that goes to the airport)
The first noun is usually singular in form, even if has a plural meaning
· A shoe shop (= a shop that sells shoes)
· A toothbrush (= a brush for teeth)
Articles belonging to the first noun are dropped in noun + noun combinations
· Officers in the army are well paid
· Army officers are well paid (not The army officers are paid)
2. Noun +‘s + Noun
In the noun +’s + noun structure, the first noun modifies or describes the second and the ‘s structure is also used with a classifying meaning in certain expression. These expression usually refer to something that is used by or produced by or from a person or animal; the first noun refer to the person or animal. Generally, either both nouns are singular or both are plural.
- My mother’s car (a particular car) - A child’s toy
- a child’s bicycle (a kind of bicycle) - Children’s clothes
Theses expression often correspond to structure in which the first noun is a subject and the second is a verb or object (the apposite of the noun + noun structure)
· My mother’s car (my mother has a car)
· The committee’s report (the committee made a report)
We can use the possessive ‘s to talk about several different sorts of idea: for example possession, relationship, physical features, and characteristics, non-physical qualities and measurement. The ‘s structure often corresponds to a sentence in which the first noun becomes the subject of have or some other verb.
· That’s my father’s house. (Mu father has that house)
· Mary’s brother is lawyer. (Mary has a brother who is a lawyer)
· Have you read John’s letter. (John wrote a letter)
· The government’s decision. (The Government made a decision)
The form of Possessive Case
A. ‘s is used with singular nouns n plural not ending in s:
a man’s job men’s work
a child’s voice the children’s room
the people choice
B. A simple apostrophe (‘) is used with plural noun ending in s:
A girls’ school The eagles’ nest
The students’ hostel
C. Classical names ending in s usually add only the apostrophe:
Archimedes’ law Pythagoras’ theorem
D. Other names ending in s cab take ‘s or the apostrophe:
Mr. Jones’s (or Mr. Jones’ house)
Yeats’s (or Yeats’) poems
E. With compound, the last word take the ‘s
My brother-in-law’s guitar
Ø Names consisting of several words are treated similarly:
Henry the eight’s wives The Prince of Wales’s helicopter
Ø ‘s can also be used after initials:
The PM’s secretary The VIP’s escort
Ø Note that when the possessive case is used, the article before the person or thing ‘possessed’ disappear:
The daughter of the politician (= the politician’s daughter)
The intervention of America (= America’s intervention)
The plays of Shakespeare (= Shakespeare’s plays)
3. Noun + Preposition(of) + Noun
Sometime noun + noun or noun +’s + noun is not possible, and it necessary to use a structure with of or another preposition. We also prefer the of structure with words that refer to units, selections, and collections, like piece, slice, lump (of sugar), bunch (of flower), blade (of grass), pack (of card), group and so on.
· A feeling of disappointment (NOT disappointment (‘s) feeling)
· A piece of paper (NOT a paper piece)
· A bunch of flower (NOT a flower bunch)
of + noun is used for possession:
1. When the possessor noun is followed by a phrase or clause
The boys ran about, obeying the directions of a man with a whistle.
I took the advise of a couple I met on the train and hired car.
2. When inanimate ‘possessors’.
The walls of the town the roof of the church the keys of the car
However, it is often possible to replace noun A + of + noun B by noun B + noun A in this order:
The town walls the church roof the car keys
The first noun becomes a sort of adjective and is not made plural:
The roofs of the churches = the church roofs
Unfortunately, noun + of + noun combinations cannot always be replaced in this way and the student is advised to use of when in doubt.
Conclusion
The exact differences between the three structures are complicated and difficult to analyze. We express three ideas with the possessive (‘s) structure most often when the first noun refer to a person or animal, or to a country, organization, or other group of living creatures, especially if the relationship between the noun could be expressed with “have”.
My father’s name (NOT the name of my father)
Ann’s back (the back of Ann)
A bird’s nest (NOT a nest of bird)
America’s gold reserves
In other cases, we more often use a structure with of:
The name of the street (NOT the street’s name)
The back of the room (NOT the room’s back)
Sometime both structures are possible:
The earth gravity (the gravity of fearth)
The Queen arrival (the arrival of the Queen)
Algeria’s history (the history of Algeria)
REFERENCES
Thomson, A.J Dan martinet, A.V. 1986. A Practical English Grammar 4th edition. London: Oxford University Press.
Swan, Michael. 1995. Practical English Usage 2nd edition. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English: A Practical Reference Guide. Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Rahman, A. Faidhal. 2007. Fundamentals of English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Widyatama.
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