GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF NEWSPAPER

                Newspaper in the united states can be divided into three categories: weeklies and semi-weeklies, serving small areas with limited circulation; small and medium-sized dailies, which comprise the great bulk of our daily press; and metropolitan newspapers whose circulation areas has populations of 1 million or more.

                No matter what their size, newspaper has a common organization. Each has five major
departments; editorial, which gathers and prepares the news, entertainment and opinion materials, both written and illustrated; advertising, which solicits and prepares the commercial messages addressed to readers; production, which turns to editorial  materials and advertisements into type and prints the newspaper; circulation, which has the task of selling and delivering the newspapers to the readers; and business, which oversees the entire operation.

                The goal of newspaper stories is to present a report of an action in easily understood language that can be comprehended by a mass audience of different educational levels. Simplicity of writing is emphasized. If newspapers are to fill their role of communicating to the terminology so involved that many readers cannot comprehend them. The best newspaper reporters are those who can accurately present complex situations in terms that are easily understood by the majority of their readers.

                Television’s ability to give the public “right-now” visual reports of events in progress has led newspapers to deemphasize the publication of brief, last minute-bulletins. The day when newspapers published extra editions with huge headlines and two or three hundred hastily written words about a major news development is gone. Yet only a few decades ago, this was this principal method of spreading news around a city. Newspapers today put more emphasis on depth and less excitement, a change has been opened new fields for the thoughtful, competent writer.

Newspaper advertising is divided into two types, displayed and classified. The former ranges from inconspicuous one-inch notices to multiple-page advertisements in which merchants and manufacturers proclaim their goods and services. Classified advertisements are the small-print, generally brief announcements packed closely together near the back of the paper; they deal with such diverse topics as help wanted, apartments for rent, used furniture and automobiles for sale, and personal notice. On almost all newspapers except the very smallest, displayed and classified advertising are handles by different staffs. Most newspapers receive about three-fourths of their income from advertising and one-fourth from circulation.

The staff set up of all newspapers is also basically the same, although naturally the larger  the newspaper, the more complex its staff alignments. The top person is the publisher, who in many cases is also the principal owner the newspaper. On some paper, the publisher’s decisions on all matters are absolute, whereas in other instances a board of directors establishes policy. The publisher’s task is to set the newspaper’s basic editorial and commercial policies and to see that they are carried out efficiently by the various department heads. On quiet a few newspapers, especially smaller one, the publisher is also the editor.

Main Idea

Paragraph I         : Newspapers can be divided into three categories

Paragraph II        : Newspapers have a common organization

Paragraph III      : Newspapers can be comprehended by a mass audience of different    educational level

Paragraph IV      : Comparison between TV and newspaper

Paragraph V       : Newspaper advertising is divided into two types

Paragraph VI      : The staff set up of all newspapers is also basically the same

Exercises 1

1.       How many categories are newspaper in US usually divided? Mention them. 

2.       What is the basic of the division? 

3.       How many departments do newspapers have? Mention them! 

4.       What are the differences between editorial and production department? 

5.       What is the duty of editorial department? 

6.       How do advertising and circulation  department work? 

7.       Who are the best newspaper reporter? 

8.       Why should the terminology in writing in newspapers be easily   understood by the readers? 

9.       What are the specialities of TV (compare with newspaper) in presenting news? 

10.   What do you know about displayed and classified of newspaper advertising?

Exercises 2

1.       In competing with TV (on news presentation) newspapers have reformed their coverage technique and style. Do you think it work? Give your reasons and examples! 

2.       Which one do you think the most important department in a newspaper organization? State your reason clearly!

Answer

Exercise 1 

1.      Weeklies and semi-weeklies, small and medium-sized dailies and metropolitan newspaper

2.       The basic of the division is editorial. Editorial, which gathers and prepares the news, entertainment, and opinion materials, both written and illustrated. 

3.      A. Editorial

      B. Advertising

      C. Production

      D. Circulation

      E. Business

4. Editorial       : Gathers and prepares the news, entertainment and opinion material

    Production   : turns to editorial materials and advertisement into the types and prints The newspaper 

5.  Gathers and prepares the news, entertainment and opinion materials, both written and illustrated

6. Advertising      : solicits and prepares the commercial messages addressed to the readers

    Circulation       : it has the task selling and delivering the newspaper to the readers 

7.     The best newspaper reporters are those who can accurately present complex situations in term that are

     easily understood by the majority of their readers

8.      In order to the readers can comprehend them 

9.     Television has ability to give the public “right-now” visual report of events in progress has led newspaper

      to deemphasize the publication of brief. 

10.                 Display     : the former ranges from inconspicuous one-inch notices to multiple page and

                               advertisements in which merchants and manufacturers proclaim their goods and services.

Classified   : the small print, generally, brief announcements pocked closely together near the back of

                    the paper.

Exercises 2

1.    Newspapers have reformed their coverage technique and style. As we know the organization of newspapers have many departments. Their technique always try to make their writing can be comprehended by a mass audience and they also make a different part such as for furniture and automobile for sale. They use a small-print 

2.       We think that all of department organizing of newspapers are important because all of them are like a system so we cannot break up one each others.

Written by Mister

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